Author Archives: Devin

Pycnanthemum Pilot Study

When I moved to Charlottesville in retirement, I began growing a native plant garden. At first, plant selection was mostly random, driven by availability and by the sunny dry conditions of my selected garden patch. Based on internet research, it became clear that I must have the pollinator-friendly mountain-mint (Pycnanthemum). I found one at a local nursery; it turned out to be Pycnanthemum muticum (clustered mountain-mint). It was a rapidly growing, broad-leafed variety with bow-tie-shaped “bracts” (specially adapted leaves just below the inflorescence). It smelled nice too. For good measure, I got a pair. Later in the summer I was surprised to see that one plant had formed a neat clump, while the other, in addition to its clump, had sent out a perfect ring of bright red runners (stolons) extending outward, up to a foot or more. It turns out that this is a commonly observed phenomenon in some Pycnanthemum species. Why it happened in one plant and not the other may have been related to “ploidy” (some P. muticums are diploid, others tetraploid, others possibly pentaploid). Alternatively, it could simply have been due to differences in growing conditions.

Vernal Pools

Vernal means “of spring”—appropriate since spring is when these pools are generally most full of water and life! Other names, including seasonal pool, spring pool, temporary pond, and ephemeral pool, make references to the fact that these pools do not always contain water. Another name, woodland pond, gives a hint as to where some of these pools may be found.

Eup! There It Is: An Introduction to Thoroughworts

Imagine you’re exploring a Piedmont grassland remnant in early August. In the summer heat, the grassland comes alive with the fresh green growth of little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), yellow prairie grass (Sorghastrum nutans), and other warm-season grasses. You spot the bare seed heads of Small’s ragwort (Packera anonyma) whose flowers lit up the grassland in rich yellow during the early summer. Ah, the starry rosinweed is in full bloom, its cheery butter-yellow flowers buzzing with the activity of native bees that dash here and there. And as you look out across the remnant, you see so many white puffs spanning the grassland you wonder if you’ve discovered patches of clouds given vegetable form. These, too, are buzzing with insect visitors—sweat bees, bumble bees, wasps, flower flies, beetles, and more—such an abundance of pollinators that trying to track them all is dizzying. What you’re seeing, my friend, is the fascinating genus of thoroughworts (Eupatorium spp.).

Non-Biting Midge

Chironomids are small, flying insects with two sets of clear wings and long front legs. The body color varies between species, ranging from light olive to black. In their larval form, chironomids are small and worm-like, with segmented bodies that include a head and “prolegs”. It’s difficult to tell the various species of non-biting midges apart without the aid of a microscope. Chironomids belong in the order Diptera, making them “true flies”. These midges can look very similar to mosquitos, but are not biting insects. Male midges can have feathery antennae, while female midges have slender antennae.